Fruits in Mediterranean category are not hardy to extreme cold, as the preceding temperate fruits are, yet tolerate some frost and could have a modest chilling requirement. Notable among these are natives of the Mediterranean Fruits:

Date Palm

The Date Palm “Phoenix dactylifera” is a palm, which is extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. As is carries a long history of cultivation for fruit, its exact native distribution is difficult to find, but the date palm probably originated somewhere in the desert oases of the North Africa, and perhaps also in the southwest Asia. It is a medium-sized tree, 15-25 m tall, often clumped with the several trunks from a single root system, but also often grows singly.

The leaves are very pinnate, up to 3 m long, with spines on the petiole and also about 150 leaflets; the leaflets grow between 30 cm long and 2 cm broad. The fruit of the Date Palm is called as a date. They are oval-cylindrical, 3-7 cm long, and 2-3 cm diameter, yellow-brown in colour, and contain a single seed but about 2-2.5 cm long and 6-8 mm thick. Three main types of date Palm exist; soft, semi-dry, and dry. The type of fruit actually depends on the glucose, fructose and sucrose content. Dates are by nature wind pollinated, but in today’s modern commercial horticulture are entirely pollinated manually. Natural pollination requires about an equal number of the male and female plants. However, with assistance one male can palletize about 50 females. Since the males are of value only as palletizes, this allows the growers to use their resources for many more fruit producing female plants. Some growers do not maintain any male plants as male flowers become available at the local markets at pollination time.

Fig

Figs (Ficus) are a cool genus of about 800 species of the woody trees, shrubs and vines in the family of Moraceae, native is throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the warm temperate zone. The genus includes one species, the Common Fig F. carica, that had produces a commercial fruit called a fig; the fruit of many other species are actually edible though not widely consumed. Other examples of figs include in the banyans and the Sacred Fig (Peepul or Bo) tree. Most species are fabulously evergreen, while those from temperate areas, and areas with a long dry season, are deciduous.

Figs are a cool genus of about 800 species of the woody tress, shrubs and vines in the family of Moraceae, native is throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the warm temperate zone. The genus includes one species, the Common Fig F. Carica that had produced a commercial fruit called a fig; the fruit of many other species are actually edible though not widely consumed. Other examples of figs include in the banyans and the Sacred Fig (Peepul or Bo) tree. Most species are fabulously evergreen, while those form temperate areas, and areas with a long dry season, are deciduous.

A fig fruit is derived from an especially of adapted flower. The fruit is in a bulbous shape (an accessory fruit called a syconium) with the small opening (the ostiole) in the end and a hollow area inside lined with the small red edible seeds. The fruit/flower is pollinated by small wasps that crawl through the opening to fertilize the fruit.

Grape

This is also called as raisin, sultana, or currant when she's dried. A grape is the fruit of a vine in family Vitaceae. It is most commonly used for making grape juice, jelly, wine and raisins, or can be eaten raw also. Grapes constitute approximately 50% of all fruit grown in this world.

Many species of grape exist including:

o Vitis vinifera, the European winemaking grapes
o Vitis labrusca, the North American table and grape juice grapes, sometimes used for wine
o Vitis riparia, a wild grape of North America, sometimes used for winemaking
oVitis rotundifolia, the muscadines, used for jelly and sometimes wine
o Vitis aestivalis, the variety Norton is used for winemaking
oVitis lincecumii (also called Vitis aestivalis or Vitis lincecumii), Vitis berlandieri (also called Vitis cinerea var. helleri), Vitis cinerea, Vitis rupestris are used for making hybrid wine grapes and for pest-resistant rootstocks.

Grapes are actually being extensively researched all over the world as a result of the "French Paradox" contrasting diets of the French with those of all other Western countries, particularly in the United States. Despite the fact that the French eat substantially more animal fat, then they have a significantly lower incidence of heart disease. Many scientists now also believe the reason is the greater consumption of red wine in France. Compounds such as resveratrol have comparatively been discovered in grapes. Resveratrol and the other grape compounds have been positively linked to the fighting cancer, heart disease, degenerative nerve disease and help other ailments. Although many people have incorrectly assumed that red grapes have the most health benefits, in fact grapes of all colors have comparable benefits. Red wine has health benefits not found in white wine because many of these compounds are found in skins of the grapes and only red wine is fermented with the skins.

Jujube

o The Jujube, Chinese date, or Tsao is a very small deciduous tree or shrub in the buckthorn family called Rhamnaceae. It has a scientific name Ziziphus zizyphus, synonym Z. Jujube. It has the native to China, where it has also been cultivated for over 4,000 years. The tree can reach a height of 5 to 12 m, is ornamental, with shiny-green leaves, and thorns sometime. The many inconspicuous flowers are also small, greenish or white, and produce an olive-sized fruit that is drupe.

o The early-picked fruit is smooth-green, and also resembles the consistency and taste of an apple, but as it matures more, the color could be darkens to purplish-black and it becomes quite wrinkled, when it tastes like a date, hence the name Chinese date. There is a single hard stone, similar to olive stone.

o The tree tolerates a wide range of temperatures, though it requires when hot summers for good fruiting. Unlike most of the other species in genus, it tolerates fairly cold winters too, surviving temperatures down to about -15°C. Ziziphin, a compound in leaves of the jujube, suppresses the ability to perceive sweet taste in humans.

Olive

o The olives (Olea) are a genus for about 20 species of small trees in family of Oleaceae, widely scattered across the Old World, from the basin of Mediterranean Sea, Southern Africa, Southeast Asia north to southern China, New Caledonia and the eastern Australia. They are evergreen, with a small, entire leaves arranged oppositely. The fruit is also a drupe.

o The wild olive is a normally small tree or bush of rather straggling growth, with thorny branches and opposite to oblong pointed leaves, dark grayish-green above and, it is in the young state, hoary beneath with whitish scales; the small white flowers, with four-cleft calyx and corolla, two stamens and bifid stigma, are also borne generally on the last year's wood, in racemes springing from the axils of the leaves; the drupe (fruit) is small in the wild plant, and the fleshy per carp, which gives cultivated olive its economic value, is comparatively thin. Cultivated forms have wide number of variations in character, but are generally more compact, thorn less, and more prolific. The varieties of olive is known to the modern cultivator are very numerous. The ripe fruit is, by the normal careful grower, picked by hand and deposited in cloths or baskets for the conveyance to the mill; but in many parts of Spain and Greece, and generally in Asia, the olives are beaten down by the poles or by shaking the boughs, or even allowed to drop naturally, often lying on the ground until the convenience of the owner admits of their removal; much of the inferior oil owes its bad quality to the carelessness of the proprietor of the trees. In southern Europe the olive harvest is in the winter months, continuing for several weeks; but the time varies in each country, and also with the season and the kinds cultivated. The amount of oil contained in the fruit differs much in the various sorts; per carp usually yields from 60 to 70%. The ancient normal agriculturists believed that the olive would not succeed if planted more than a few leagues from the sea (Theophrastus gives 300 staid as the limit), but modern experience does not confirm the idea, and, though showing a preference for the coast, it has long been grown far inland.

Pomegranate

o The pomegranate Punica geranium is known as species of fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 5-8 m tall. Although it was previously given its family Punicaceae, recent genetic evidence proved that it is a member of the family Lythraceae. The pomegranate is believed to have the originated in the area from Iran east to northern India, but has been cultivated around the Mediterranean for very long (several millennia) that it’s true native range is not only accurately known. The genus name, Punica is named after the Phoenicians, who were active in participating spreading its cultivation, partly for religious reasons. Its species name geranium derives from the Latin adjective granites, meaning 'granular'. The city of Granada in Spain became an early centre of cultivation, and was named after the fruit.

o The leaves are opposite or sub-opposite, glossy, narrow oblong, entire, 3-7 cm long and 2 cm broad. The flowers are very bright red, 3 cm diameter, with five petals around (often more on cultivated plants). The fruit is known between an orange and a grapefruit in size, 7-12 cm diameter; it has a thick reddish skin and many seeds. The edible part is a brilliant red seed pulp surrounding the seeds. The only other species in the genus, Socotra Pomegranate Punica protopunica, is endemic on the island of Socotra. It differs in having pink (not red) flowers and smaller, less sweet fruit.

o The arils (seed casings) of the pomegranate are normally consumed raw. The entire seed is eaten, though the fleshy outer portion of the seed is also part that is desired. The taste differs depending on variety of pomegranate and its state of the ripeness. It can be very sweet or it can be very sour or tangy, but most fruits does lie somewhere in between, which is the characteristic taste. The acidic juice of pomegranates is used in Indian cookery; thickened and sweetened it makes grenadine syrup, used in cocktail mixing. The juice can also be used as an antiseptic when applied to cuts. Pomegranate seeds are sometimes used as a spice. In the important genus Citrus some members are tropical, tolerating no frost. All common species of commerce are somewhat hardy.

Citron

The Citron Citrus medica is a species of citrus fruit. It is characterized by its thick rind and small sections. Generally, it is eaten preserved or in bakery goods, such as fruitcakes. (The candied peel rather than the fruit is often used in cooking.) The citron is known as the etrog by religious Jews, who use it in a ceremony on their Sukkoth holiday each fall. In many non-English languages, a normal lemon is called a "citron" and a lime is called a "lemon", so there is a high chance for getting things mixed up during translations.

Grapefruit

The grapefruit is a sub-tropical citrus tree grown for its fruit. The evergreen tree is usually found at around 5-6 m tall, although it can reach 13-15 m. The leaves are dark green, long (up to 15 cm) and thin. It produces 5 cm white four-petal led flowers. The fruit is yellow-skinned, largely oblate and ranges in diameter from 10-15 cm and has an acidic yellow segmented pulp.

The fruit was discovered in the 1750s probably in Barbados, currently the grapefruit is said to be one of the "Seven Wonders of Barbados.". It had developed as a natural cross of the pummelo (Citrus grand is) with the sweet orange (Citrus sinuses), though it is rather closer to the first than the second. Further crosses have produced the tangelo (1905), the Minneola (1931) and the sweetie (1984). Previously known as the shaddock, it was not called the grapefruit until the 1800s. Its current name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree. It was not distinguished from the pummelo botanically until the 1830s when it was given the name Citrus paradise. Its true origins were not determined until the 1950s. This led to the official name being altered to Citrus X paradise. Grapefruit can have a number of interactions with drugs, often increasing the effective potency of compounds. Grapefruit seed extract is a strong antimicrobial with proven activity against bacteria and fungi. It also has antioxidant properties. Grapefruit formed a core part of the so-called grapefruit diet, under the pretext of being able to increase the metabolism and burn fat since grapefruit have a low glycemic index.

Lemon

Lemons are the citrus fruit from the tree Citrus x lemon, a hybrid of cultivated origin. They are cultivated primarily for their juice, though the pulp and rind are also used, primarily in cooking or mixing. Lemon juice is about 5% citric acid, which gives lemons a sour taste.

This is a small tree, to 6 m (20 ft) but usually smaller. The branches are thorny, and form an open crown. The leaves are elliptical-acuminate. Flowers are violet and streaked in the interior and white on the outside. The first description of the lemon, which had been introduced from India two centuries earlier, is found in Arabic writings from the 12th century. More recent research has identified lemons in the ruins of Pompeii. The origin of the name lemon is Persian. They were cultivated in Genoa in the mid-fifteenth century, and appeared in the Azores in 1494. Lemons were once used by the British navy to combat scurvy, as they provided a large amount of vitamin C. The British navy originally thought lemons were overripe limes which they resemble and their sailors became known as limeys, not lemony. Both lemons and limes are regularly served as lemonade (natural lemon with water and sugar) or limeade, its equivalent, or as a garnish for drinks such as cola with a slice either inside or on the rim of the glass. Lemon juice is typically dripped onto battered fish dishes in restaurants in the United Kingdom and other countries—the acidic juice neutralizes the taste of amines in fish. Some like to eat lemons as fruit. One unusual use of lemon juice is as the main ingredient of an oil substitute for cars. Propagation is by grafting as the stock is venerable to cankers and dry rot. Lemon juice contains approximately 500 milligrams of vitamin C and 50 grams of citric acid per liter.